Sunflower

Growth Habit: Annual

Climate Requirements: Thrives in warm temperate to subtropical climates with rainfall of 500–1000 mm.

Soil Requirements: Prefers well-drained sandy loam or clay loam with pH 6.0–7.5.

Water Requirements: Moderate water needs; drought-resistant but benefits from supplemental irrigation.

Planting Instructions: Seeds are planted 2.5–5 cm deep with row spacing of 45–75 cm.

Harvesting Information: Harvested 90–120 days after planting when seed heads dry and turn brown.

Plant Characteristics: Sunflower is an annual herbaceous plant with large, yellow flowers and oil-rich seeds.

Nutrient Content: Rich in vitamin E, healthy fats, protein, and antioxidants.

Health Benefits: Supports skin health, boosts immunity, and aids heart health.

Yield Information: Average yield is 1.0–3.0 tons per hectare.

Culinary Uses: Used for sunflower oil, roasted seeds, and snack foods.

Industrial Uses: Used in biodiesel, cosmetics, and livestock feed.

Native Range: North America, particularly the central United States and Mexico.

Current Distribution: Grown in Russia, Ukraine, Argentina, the United States, and China.

Common Pests: Sunflower moth, cutworms, and wireworms.

Diseases: Downy mildew, rust, and verticillium wilt.

IPM Practices: Crop rotation, biological pest control, and resistant varieties.

Market Value: $480.60