Onion

Growth Habit: Biennial

Climate Requirements: Grows best in cool seasons with temperatures between 12–24°C.

Soil Requirements: Well-drained sandy loam or clay loam with pH 6.0–7.0.

Water Requirements: Requires consistent moisture but does not tolerate waterlogging.

Planting Instructions: Seeds or sets are planted 1–2 cm deep with spacing of 10–15 cm.

Harvesting Information: Harvested 90–150 days after planting when tops fall over and bulbs mature.

Plant Characteristics: Onion is a biennial plant grown as an annual for its edible bulb.

Nutrient Content: Rich in vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants like quercetin.

Health Benefits: Supports immune health, reduces inflammation, and improves heart health.

Yield Information: Average yield is 20–40 tons per hectare.

Culinary Uses: Used fresh, cooked, pickled, or as a spice in various cuisines.

Industrial Uses: Used in dehydrated onion powder, cosmetics, and medicines.

Native Range: Central Asia and Iran.

Current Distribution: Grown worldwide, major producers include India, China, and the USA.

Common Pests: Onion thrips, nematodes, and onion maggots.

Diseases: Downy mildew, white rot, and botrytis leaf blight.

IPM Practices: Crop rotation, resistant varieties, and neem oil for pest control.

Market Value: $350.50