Raising broiler chickens for meat is a significant sector of the global poultry industry, with a vast majority of chicken meat produced through specialized broiler systems. These systems vary across regions, but all require careful management to ensure efficiency, profitability, and animal welfare. Here’s an overview of global broiler production systems and best practices for raising healthy and productive broiler chickens.

1. Global Broiler Production Systems

  • Specialized Broiler Systems: These are the most common globally, accounting for about 93.1% of chicken meat production. They often involve intensive indoor housing with controlled environments to optimize growth and efficiency.

  • Backyard Systems: Although less prevalent, backyard systems play a crucial role in some regions, particularly for local markets and subsistence farming. They typically involve lower stocking densities and more varied management practices.

2. Best Practices for Broiler Production

Housing Conditions

  • Stocking Density: Maintain optimal stocking densities to prevent stress and disease. Typically, around 10-12 chicks per square meter is recommended for optimal performance.

  • Ventilation and Temperature Control: Ensure proper ventilation and temperature management to maintain bird comfort and health. Ideal temperatures vary by age, but generally start at 31-32°C for young chicks.

  • Lighting Management: Control lighting to promote natural behavior and reduce stress. Dimming lights can help during feed withdrawal before slaughter.

Health Management

  • Vaccinations: Implement vaccination programs to protect against common diseases like Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis.

  • Biosecurity: Maintain strict biosecurity measures to prevent disease outbreaks, including restricted access and regular sanitation.

Nutrition

  • Balanced Diets: Provide high-quality feed that meets nutritional needs for rapid growth. Broilers require diets rich in protein and energy.

  • Water Quality: Ensure access to clean, fresh water at all times to support health and growth.

3. Regional Variations in Broiler Production

  • Asia: In East Asia, specialized broiler systems dominate, while in South Asia, there is a slight increase in backyard production.

  • Europe: The EU primarily uses intensive indoor systems, with a growing trend towards higher welfare standards.

  • Latin America: Brazil leads with intensive systems, focusing on open-sided housing with natural light.

  • North America: Conventional industrial systems are prevalent, with a growing market for antibiotic-free and organic production.

4. Environmental and Welfare Considerations

  • Environmental Impact: Broiler production contributes to environmental concerns such as water usage and waste management. Implementing sustainable practices can mitigate these impacts.

  • Animal Welfare: Ensure adequate space, proper lighting, and enrichment to promote bird welfare. Higher welfare systems are becoming more popular globally.

Conclusion

Raising broiler chickens for meat requires careful attention to housing conditions, health management, nutrition, and regional best practices. By adopting these strategies, poultry farmers can optimize production efficiency while ensuring animal welfare and environmental sustainability. Whether you operate a small-scale backyard system or a large commercial farm, understanding and implementing these best practices is crucial for success in the broiler industry.

Citations:

  1. https://www.compassioninfoodbusiness.com/media/7455890/info-sheet-1-broiler-production-global.pdf
  2. https://www.jahankaveh.com/en/the-complete-guide-broiler-farming/
  3. https://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Broiler-Production-System-LCA_2020-Update.pdf
  4. https://www.formsonfire.com/blog/broiler-production-guidelines
  5. https://www.poultryworld.net/the-industrymarkets/market-trends-analysis-the-industrymarkets-2/remarkable-dynamics-of-the-global-poultry-industry-2/
  6. https://www.poultryaffairs.com/broiler-chicken-farming-beginners-guide/
  7. https://www.fao.org/poultry-production-products/production/en/
  8. https://www.thepoultrysite.com/articles/broiler-care-practices