Composting is one of the most eco-friendly practices you can adopt. It reduces waste, enriches soil, and plays a crucial role in sustainable living. Whether you're managing a backyard compost pile, an indoor bin, or a large-scale community system, knowing what to compost—and what to avoid—is essential to ensure success. Here’s a detailed guide to help you navigate the dos and don’ts of composting.

What Can You Compost?

1. Green Materials (Nitrogen-Rich)

Green materials are rich in nitrogen and help kickstart the decomposition process by providing the necessary nutrients for microorganisms.

  • Fruit and Vegetable Scraps: Peels, cores, and leftover produce.

  • Coffee Grounds and Filters: Adds nitrogen and boosts microbial activity.

  • Grass Clippings: Fresh clippings are a great source of nitrogen.

  • Tea Bags (Unbleached and Plastic-Free): Check if the bags are compostable.

  • Fresh Garden Waste: Plant trimmings, green leaves, and flowers.

2. Brown Materials (Carbon-Rich)

Brown materials are high in carbon and help maintain the structure of your compost, allowing for proper aeration.

  • Dry Leaves: Ideal for balancing out nitrogen-rich items.

  • Shredded Paper and Cardboard: Use plain, non-glossy materials.

  • Wood Chips and Sawdust: From untreated wood only.

  • Egg Cartons: If made of cardboard.

  • Straw and Hay: Excellent for large compost piles.

3. Other Compostable Items

  • Eggshells: Crush them to speed up decomposition.

  • Hair and Pet Fur: A good source of nitrogen.

  • Used Napkins and Paper Towels: Provided they’re free of grease or chemicals.

  • Compostable Packaging: Check for certifications like "BPI Certified Compostable."

What NOT to Compost

1. Animal Products

Animal-derived materials can attract pests and cause odors.

  • Meat, Bones, and Fish Scraps

  • Dairy Products (Milk, Cheese, Butter, etc.)

  • Fats, Oils, and Grease

2. Treated or Processed Materials

These items may introduce toxins or disrupt the composting process.

  • Glossy or Coated Paper

  • Treated Wood or Sawdust

  • Synthetic Fabrics (e.g., polyester)

3. Harmful Garden Waste

Certain plants and yard waste can hinder compost quality.

  • Weeds with Seeds: They may survive the composting process.

  • Diseased Plants: Can spread pathogens to your garden.

  • Invasive Plants: Like ivy, which may not break down entirely.

4. Toxic and Non-Biodegradable Materials

These items will not decompose and may introduce harmful chemicals.

  • Plastic Bags and Wrappers

  • Metal or Glass

  • Chemicals (e.g., pesticides, herbicides)

5. Pet Waste

While pet waste is organic, it’s often excluded due to pathogens.

  • Dog and Cat Feces

  • Used Cat Litter

Special Considerations for Different Settings

Backyard Composting

  • Focus on balancing greens and browns.

  • Use a secure bin to keep pests away.

Indoor Composting

  • Utilize worm bins (vermicomposting) for efficient breakdown of kitchen scraps.

  • Avoid items that may create strong odors, like onion peels or garlic.

Community Composting

  • Follow the program’s specific guidelines.

  • These systems often accept items like meat or dairy, as they are equipped to handle high temperatures for decomposition.

Tips for Successful Composting

  1. Maintain Balance: Aim for a 2:1 ratio of browns to greens.

  2. Aerate Regularly: Turn your compost pile every 1-2 weeks to introduce oxygen.

  3. Monitor Moisture: The pile should be as damp as a wrung-out sponge.

  4. Chop It Up: Smaller pieces decompose faster.

By following this guide, you’ll be well on your way to creating rich, nutrient-dense compost while reducing your environmental footprint. Happy composting!